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The position of scene-setting adverbials in English and Czech. A comparison on the basis of parallel texts
Kunstová, Adéla ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The subject of the presented paper is the analysis of the position of scene-setting adverbials based on parallel texts. The aim of the study is to find out the most typical position for placing of such adverbials realized by verbless construction and to determine the factors influencing the position in both languages with respect to differences between the Czech and English word order. The theory is based on the functional approach described in Brno linguistic school and is applied to 200 examples from the corpus Intercorp. Out of the given number of examples, exactly one hundred tokens belong to the translation direction from En to Cz and the second half to the opposite direction of translation. With respect to the English word order, which takes over some of the grammatical functions resulting in relative rigidity, scene-setting adverbials are usually placed in the final position. However, it is assumed that most languages have a tendency to place the most important information to the end of the sentence. It follows that one of the goals of this work is to describe the factors allowing these adverbials to be placed in this position with no effect on the communicative dynamism of the adverbials themselves as well as on other sentence elements. The term 'scene-setting' suggests that these adverbials...
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Functional Sentence Perspective Articulation in Czech and Japanese
Černáčková, Júlia ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
Júlia Černáčková, Vyjadrenie aktuálneho členenia vety v češtine a v japončine Abstract (in English): The aim of the present thesis is to investigate the differences between the articulation of functional sentence perspective in selected Czech and Japanese texts. Examined fields are the following: linear modification, semantic and contextual factors and the use of thematizers and rhematizers. Using four texts- two original texts and their translations- the main differences in the functional sentence perspective articulation in Czech and Japanese are defined. The first, theoretical part of the thesis presents the basic concepts of the theory of functional sentence perspective and their practical application in the Japanese language. The theoretical background of the present thesis is based mainly on the publication Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication by Jan Firbas, but other works related to this area are used and quoted as well. In the second, practical part, comparisons of the results concerning the functional sentence perspective articulation in Czech and Japanese obtained from the analysed texts are presented. Analysed are the distinctions in the functional sentence perspective articulation in thematic, transitional and rhematic layer of the texts and the main differences...
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Grammaticalization potentiel of the anaphoric ten in spoken narative discourse
Zíková, Magdalena ; Friedová, Mirjam (advisor) ; Nedolužko, Anna (referee) ; Berger, Tilman (referee)
In my Ph.D. thesis, I examine the use of referential devices in spoken narrative discourse with predominant anaphoric reference. Special attention is paid to the relationship between two competing forms: lexical phrases containing the lexeme ten (ten-MARKED NPs) and lexical phrases not containing it (UNMARKED NPs) in repeated mentions. A primary aim of the work is (i) to identify factors favouring the use of ten-marked NPs at the expense of unmarked NPs and (ii) to explore the possibility of the lexeme ten grammaticalizing from its anaphoric use. Theoretically and methodologically I benefit mostly from the conception of discourse anaphora and the theory of grammaticalization. The referential devices are systematically explored in terms of their distribution into different classes according to a set of parameters and their values. These parameters reflect the conceptual (animacy), grammatical (syntactic function, type of clause etc.) as well as discourse characteristics of the forms and their referents (informational status of the NP in the clause, activation and persistence of the referent, etc.). The data consist of 45 short narratives produced by 15 speakers. The speakers' task was to retell three short silent-movie sketches which they had seen immediately before the recording. The design of the...
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Syntactic and FSP aspects of the existential construction in Norwegian
Dubec, Pavel
The aim of the present thesis is to analyze the Norwegian existential construction (presenteringskonstruksjonen) with regard to syntax, static semantics, dynamic semantics, and functional sentence perspective (FSP). The thesis first introduces the firbasian FSP theory in general, demonstrating the concepts on Norwegian examples. Then the theories most relevant for the study of the existential construction are summarized. The analysis is carried out on a sample of 1000 instances (500 taken from fiction and 500 excerpted from academic prose), and focuses mainly on the notional subject, the verb, and a possible adverbial. The syntactic analysis includes the position and the structure of the notional subject and adverbials. In addition, the lexical semantics of the head words and static semantics of adverbials were observed. The FSP analysis focused on the FSP functions of the individual clause elements and the FSP patterns the existential construction may realize. In addition, the dynamic semantic roles were studied in relation to the static semantic roles. The aim of the analyses is to find out in what circumstances the existential construction may realize the presentation scale or the quality scale, and what functions the construction may perform. The thesis observes the application of FSP on real...
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Grammaticalization potentiel of the anaphoric ten in spoken narative discourse
Zíková, Magdalena ; Friedová, Mirjam (advisor) ; Nedolužko, Anna (referee) ; Berger, Tilman (referee)
In my Ph.D. thesis, I examine the use of referential devices in spoken narrative discourse with predominant anaphoric reference. Special attention is paid to the relationship between two competing forms: lexical phrases containing the lexeme ten (ten-MARKED NPs) and lexical phrases not containing it (UNMARKED NPs) in repeated mentions. A primary aim of the work is (i) to identify factors favouring the use of ten-marked NPs at the expense of unmarked NPs and (ii) to explore the possibility of the lexeme ten grammaticalizing from its anaphoric use. Theoretically and methodologically I benefit mostly from the conception of discourse anaphora and the theory of grammaticalization. The referential devices are systematically explored in terms of their distribution into different classes according to a set of parameters and their values. These parameters reflect the conceptual (animacy), grammatical (syntactic function, type of clause etc.) as well as discourse characteristics of the forms and their referents (informational status of the NP in the clause, activation and persistence of the referent, etc.). The data consist of 45 short narratives produced by 15 speakers. The speakers' task was to retell three short silent-movie sketches which they had seen immediately before the recording. The design of the...
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Syntactic and FSP aspects of the existential construction in Norwegian
Dubec, Pavel ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee) ; Mørck, Endre (referee)
The aim of the present thesis is to analyze the Norwegian existential construction (presenteringskonstruksjonen) with regard to syntax, static semantics, dynamic semantics, and functional sentence perspective (FSP). The thesis first introduces the firbasian FSP theory in general, demonstrating the concepts on Norwegian examples. Then the theories most relevant for the study of the existential construction are summarized. The analysis is carried out on a sample of 1000 instances (500 taken from fiction and 500 excerpted from academic prose), and focuses mainly on the notional subject, the verb, and a possible adverbial. The syntactic analysis includes the position and the structure of the notional subject and adverbials. In addition, the lexical semantics of the head words and static semantics of adverbials were observed. The FSP analysis focused on the FSP functions of the individual clause elements and the FSP patterns the existential construction may realize. In addition, the dynamic semantic roles were studied in relation to the static semantic roles. The aim of the analyses is to find out in what circumstances the existential construction may realize the presentation scale or the quality scale, and what functions the construction may perform. The thesis observes the application of FSP on real...
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Syntactic and FSP aspects of the existential construction in Norwegian
Dubec, Pavel
The aim of the present thesis is to analyze the Norwegian existential construction (presenteringskonstruksjonen) with regard to syntax, static semantics, dynamic semantics, and functional sentence perspective (FSP). The thesis first introduces the firbasian FSP theory in general, demonstrating the concepts on Norwegian examples. Then the theories most relevant for the study of the existential construction are summarized. The analysis is carried out on a sample of 1000 instances (500 taken from fiction and 500 excerpted from academic prose), and focuses mainly on the notional subject, the verb, and a possible adverbial. The syntactic analysis includes the position and the structure of the notional subject and adverbials. In addition, the lexical semantics of the head words and static semantics of adverbials were observed. The FSP analysis focused on the FSP functions of the individual clause elements and the FSP patterns the existential construction may realize. In addition, the dynamic semantic roles were studied in relation to the static semantic roles. The aim of the analyses is to find out in what circumstances the existential construction may realize the presentation scale or the quality scale, and what functions the construction may perform. The thesis observes the application of FSP on real...
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Functional Sentence Perspective Articulation in Czech and Japanese
Černáčková, Júlia ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
Júlia Černáčková, Vyjadrenie aktuálneho členenia vety v češtine a v japončine Abstract (in English): The aim of the present thesis is to investigate the differences between the articulation of functional sentence perspective in selected Czech and Japanese texts. Examined fields are the following: linear modification, semantic and contextual factors and the use of thematizers and rhematizers. Using four texts- two original texts and their translations- the main differences in the functional sentence perspective articulation in Czech and Japanese are defined. The first, theoretical part of the thesis presents the basic concepts of the theory of functional sentence perspective and their practical application in the Japanese language. The theoretical background of the present thesis is based mainly on the publication Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication by Jan Firbas, but other works related to this area are used and quoted as well. In the second, practical part, comparisons of the results concerning the functional sentence perspective articulation in Czech and Japanese obtained from the analysed texts are presented. Analysed are the distinctions in the functional sentence perspective articulation in thematic, transitional and rhematic layer of the texts and the main differences...
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The position of scene-setting adverbials in English and Czech. A comparison on the basis of parallel texts
Kunstová, Adéla ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The subject of the presented paper is the analysis of the position of scene-setting adverbials based on parallel texts. The aim of the study is to find out the most typical position for placing of such adverbials realized by verbless construction and to determine the factors influencing the position in both languages with respect to differences between the Czech and English word order. The theory is based on the functional approach described in Brno linguistic school and is applied to 200 examples from the corpus Intercorp. Out of the given number of examples, exactly one hundred tokens belong to the translation direction from En to Cz and the second half to the opposite direction of translation. With respect to the English word order, which takes over some of the grammatical functions resulting in relative rigidity, scene-setting adverbials are usually placed in the final position. However, it is assumed that most languages have a tendency to place the most important information to the end of the sentence. It follows that one of the goals of this work is to describe the factors allowing these adverbials to be placed in this position with no effect on the communicative dynamism of the adverbials themselves as well as on other sentence elements. The term 'scene-setting' suggests that these adverbials...
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